Moor & More

-oor – (v.) secure a vessel by tying it down.

-ore – (adj.) a larger amount.

Colonel & Kernel

I know what you're thinking; but I wasn't gonna shill for some fast food restaurant here...

Rye & Wry

Chews & Choose

He chooses, he chews. 

You choose, you chew.

Tort & Torte

Our lawyer dude is back again, this time with some sort of legal injunction against the deliciousness of Thanksgiving! That does it, he's not invited back.

Currant & Current

With an A – a type of berry.
With an E – (n) a flow of water or electricity. (adj.) belonging to the present time.

Coarse & Course

I told you last week's map would show up again...

Chile, Chili, Chilly

OK, I'm not trying to be misleading here, but this – like most things – is complicated. Chile, with an E, is what we call a hot pepper. That's the only definition for that spelling. However, chile is an alternate spelling of chili, with an I, which can mean the same thing. But chili with an I is also what we call the meat/beans meal often made with chiles. Make sense? To sum up:
Chile always means pepper.
The meal is always spelled chili.
Chili can also mean pepper. (That's why I decorated the bowl with chilis in the pic.)
Chilly, y'know, just means cold.
And Chile is a country in South America, which I'm not including here because I don't do proper nouns, and half the people I know pronounce it CHEE-lay anyway.

Disburse & Disperse

-burse – Distribute, hand out.
-perse – Scatter, run away!

Graham & Gram

How much does a s'more weigh?
Two grahams.

Gawd, I could keep this up all year... :)

Taro & Tarot

Without a T at the end – tropical plant whose edible root has a surprisingly high nutritive value.
With a T at the end – prophetic playing card with no substantive value at all.

Deference & Difference

As in, "These aren't exactly homophones, but they're very similar and easily confused. So show a little respect and be sure you can tell them apart." :)

And, please remember, they are not to be confused with:

Bread & Bred

As in, "For thousands of years the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been bred for its use in wine, beer, and bread."

Chard & Charred

As in, "These leafy greens taste burnt."

Jam & Jamb

With a B – the inside surface of a doorframe.
Without a B – every other use of this word you can think of.

Stake & Steak

As in, "What do you call a cow stuck in a tent?"

Cereal & Serial

As in, "These Lucky Charms are too cold, these Lucky Charms are too hot, but these Lucky Charms are juuuuuust right."

Albumen & Albumin

-en – Yes, egg whites actually have a name.
-in – a protein found in, among other things, egg whites.
I'm sure this will come in very handy in your day-to-day writing...

Desert & Dessert

This pair of words is a little more complicated than most here at HW, because half the time they aren't homophones at all. Desert has two distinct definitions and pronunciations, only one of which is pronounced like Dessert (de-ZURT). So, technically, we have three words here: two of which have the same spelling but different pronunciations (homographs), and a third that is a homophone of one of the homographs. Sheesh, sorry about that. Anyway, you can see that no matter which definition you intend, it's always a challenge making sure it's spelled correctly.
The trick I was taught to remember is that Dessert has two Ss instead of one because it's the only one you want MORE of. But this trick only holds up until you've eaten pumpkin pie, at which point the sentence "I wish I could desert this dessert in the desert" leaps to mind.

Locks & Lox

Locks – chambers for raising and lowering ships to different levels of a waterway. Or devices used to secure a storage container. (Notice these are plural nouns. But "locks" is also a present tense verb form for using a lock.)

Lox – brined salmon. (Notice this is a singular noun, and I don't believe it has a plural form. Lox can be measured in plural amounts or pieces or varieties, etc. But as far as I can tell you can't have "loxes." I could be wrong here, of course.)

As in, "The captain locks the lox in a box using locks, until the ship is through the locks." A perfectly logical sentence.
By the way, I would have posted this earlier in the day, honestly, but I started drawing and then was like, "oh my god I have to go buy some bagels and lox right now." #soimpressionable

Also, please note I didn't include the word "lochs," because although it's fairly common in certain English usage (well, pretty much "Loch Ness monster" and nothing else), the word isn't actually English. So I didn't include it. Anyway, it's Gaelic for "lake."